![]() ![]() In large part this has to do with immigration policy. ![]() It will continue to become more diverse in the future. ![]() The outcome of these trends is that Canada has become a much more racially and ethnically diverse country over the 20th and 21st centuries. Visible minority groups will make up 63% of the population of Toronto and 59% of the population of Vancouver (Statistics Canada, 2010). Projecting forward based on current trends, Statistics Canada estimates that by 2031, between 29 and 32% of the Canadian population will be visible minorities. Source Statistics Canada, National Household Survey, 2011. (Table courtesy of Statistics Canada’s Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity in Canada report ) Visible minority population and top three visible minority groups, selected census metropolitan areas, Canada, 2011, p. In many parts of urban Canada, it is a misnomer to use the term visible minority, as the “minorities” are now in the majority. In the Toronto area, where visible minorities make up 47% of the population, 72.3% of the residents of the suburb of Markham are visible minorities (Statistics Canada, 2013). Within Greater Vancouver, 70.4% of the residents of Richmond, 59.5% of the residents of Burnaby, and 52.6 of the residents of Surrey are visible minorities. In Vancouver, almost half the population (45.2%) is made up of visible minorities. 96% of visible minorities live in cities, mainly Vancouver and Toronto, making these cities extremely diverse and cosmopolitan. Still, these figures do not really give a complete picture of racial and ethnic diversity in Canada. The 2011 census reported that 78% of the immigrants who arrived in Canada between 20 were visible minorities (Statistics Canada, 2013). These figures did not change appreciably until after the changes to the Immigration Act in 1967, which replaced an immigration policy based on racial criteria with a point system based on educational and occupational qualifications (Li, 1996). The vast majority of the population were Caucasians (“whites”) of British or French ancestry. Aboriginal Canadians made up 1.3% of the population. Going back to the 1921 census, only 0.8% of population were made up of people of Asian origin, whereas 0.2% of the population were black. The three largest visible minority groups were South Asians (25%), Chinese (21.1%), and blacks (15.1%). This was up from 16.2% in the 2006 census (Statistics Canada, 2013). The 2011 census noted that visible minorities made up 19.1% of the Canadian population, or almost one out of every five Canadians. This is a contentious term, as we will see in this chapter, but it does give us a way to speak about the growing ethnic and racial diversity of Canada. Visible minorities are defined as “persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour” (Statistics Canada, 2013, p. Apply theories of intergroup relations and race and ethnicity to different subordinate groups.Compare and contrast the different experiences of various ethnic groups in Canada.Give historical and/or contemporary examples of each type of intergroup relation.Explain different intergroup relations in terms of their relative levels of tolerance.Intergroup Relations and the Management of Diversity Identify examples of culture of prejudice.ġ1.4.Describe how major sociological perspectives view race and ethnicity.Identify different types of discrimination.Explain the difference between stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination, and racism.Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination Define a minority group (subordinate group).ġ1.2.Define a majority group (dominant group).Understand the difference between race and ethnicity. ![]()
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